DEFINITIONS

Kinds of beings and ranks:
Adjuchas are the second level of a Menos. They are much smaller than Gillians and fewer in the numbers. Their intelligent and power is much higher than the lowest class.
Arrancars are Hollows who have gained the power of a Shinigami. They are invinsible for living humans without any spiritual powers. They live in a palace called Las Noches, which is located in Hueco Mundo.
Blanks are souls who have forgotten their memories.
Bountos are a special human race who get eternal life by absorbing dead human souls.
Demi Hollows are Pluses who are about to become Hollows.
Espadas are the ten strongest among the Arrancars.
Exequisas are the Arrancars who are responsible for executions.
Fraccions are lower Arrancar who are serving a specific Espada.
Fuku Taichos are the second strongest among their divisions and the right hand of their Taichos.
Gotei is a division among the Shinigami. There are thirteen divisions.
Hollows are dead human souls which have been consumeted by their mourning. They are invinsible for living humans without any spiritual powers.
Kidoushuu are the covert ops of Seireitei.
Menos are the natural strongest level of Hollows. This is devided into three other sub-classes.
Numbers are the lower Arrancars who are ranked between 11 and 99 according to their birth time. They are specialist in combat fighting.
Gillian is the lowest class of a Menos. They are looking always the same - black, big, white mask with a long nose. Their movements are slow and their level of intelligent is the one of a beast.
Pluses are normal dead human souls. They are invinsible for living humans without any spiritual powers.
Privaron Espadas are previous Espadas. In order words, Arrancars who used to be among the strongest of the Arrancars.
Quincys are living humans with spiritual power. They are using bows and arrows to shoot down the Hollows.
Ryogas are human souls who have entered the Soul Society illegaly without the companion of a Shinigami. In general they symbolizied terror and trouble.
Shinenju is a being which is mixed together of the lost memories of the Blanks.
Shinigami are people who have passed away a long time, but have spiritual power. They went through a hard education to become one. Their duty is to slash down the Hollows and to take Pluses to the Soul Society. They are invinsible for living humans without any spiritual powers.
Taicho are captain class and are the strongest among their own divisions.
Vasto Lordo are the strongest among the Menos. They are much fewer than Adjuchas in number and they have the size of a human. In whole their abilities are much stronger than a Taicho class.
Vizards are humans who have gained the power of a Hollow.

Describtions:
Innen No Rensa is the connection between the soul and the body of a human. If the human dies, the chain will be broken. They are located in the middle of the chest and during the time it becomes shorter. If this chain disappeared completley and hole appeared where it used to be, the person would become a Hollow.
Hakusui is one of the two absorption of a soul.
Reiaku is the viewable form of the spiritual power.
Reiatsu is the power of a human with spiritual power.
Reichi are the spiritual particle in the atmosphere.
Saketsu is one of the two absorption of a soul. This is also the source of one's spiritual power.
Sekki Sekki is a type of a stone which can block all kind of spiritual power.

Places:
Chuuou-Kutsurogi 46, which is the greatest justice system, is composed of six judges and forty sages brought together from all across Soul Society. All of the crimes will be reported and judged there. Not even a Taicho is allowed to question their decisions.
Dangai is the connection between Gensei and Soul Society, but it is not a nice place. This is the place which Ichigo used to enter the Soul Society.
Gensei is the world for living souls.
Hueco Mundo is the place where Hollows are living.
Kyogokuis the new dimension which is created when souls are wandering around in Dangai for a long time. There is also the place where the souls will be prepared to re-enter  the cycle of rebirth.
Las Noches is the palace where the Arrancars are living.
Menos No Muri is the place where Menos class Hollows are living.
Rukongai is the districts for dead human souls without any spiritual power.
Seireitei is the place where Shinigamis are living and working.
Soul Society is the world for dead human souls.
Tenkai Kechuu is a custom made Senkaimon covering a surface area by placing four specific distinic points.

Weapons:
Dolls are the weapon of a Bounto and are similiar to a Zanpakuto of a Shinigami.
Seelenschneider is a weapon for a Quincy. It has the power to absorb the spiritual power of the opponent and control it.
Zanpakuto are originally the weapon of a Shinigami in order to take the Pluses through the Konso to Soul Society and to slash down the Hollows in order to clean their sins as Hollows.

Shinigami's abilities:
Bankai is the second release of the Zanpakuto of a Shinigami. To achieve this level you have to materialize your Zanpkakuto in "your world" and to submit it. A high spiritual power is needed in order to complete this task. Normally only Captain classes of a Shinigami are able to use Bankai.
Gentei is the seal of the Shinigami to reduce their full capaility to 20%. Vice captains and above their rank could create unneccessary ripples in the balance of Gensei. In order to avoid this a symbol of the "Gentei" from one's respective division is placed on the part of the specific people's body.
Hakuda is a kind of hand-to-hand combat.
Kidou is a kind "special power" which can be used by chanting. Only Kidou specialist are able to release its power without chanting. This power is not only for direct attacks, but it can also be used for healing.
Senkaimon are the gates which Shinigamis use to enetr the real world.
Shikai is the first realease of a Shinigami's Zanpakuto. The Shinigami will be taken to his/her "Inner world" where the "Zanpakuto" itself is. To achieve Shikai you need the dialog and the synchronity of the Zanpakuto or in other words the name of the specific Zanpakuto.
Shunpo are flash steps which make for the user possible to move very fast.

Other Shinigami's tools:
Gigai is a reservation body for a Shinigami who has lost his/her power. However, it can also be used in order to be viewable for living humans without spiritual powers.
Kaizen Konpakuto are modifieded souls which are in the form of a pill. This souls have special powers. However, Soul Society ordered to destroy these pills.
Soul Candy are modified souls without any special power. They remain in the Gigai when the Shinigami takes his spiritual form.

Quincy's abilities:
Hirenkyaku is the Quincy's version of Shinigami's Shunpo.
Ransotengai is a special power for high gifted Quincys. They are able to control a body of their choice and to move it, even if it is paralyzed or its bones broken.

Other Quincys' Tools:
Gontos are small iron tubes. In it simliar like Kidou. The only difference is that you need for each chanting a different number of these tubes.
Hollow Kouji look like a small disk and it is used to draw Hollows from Hueco into their world out.
Sanrei Shuto is a glove for the right hand. It is a powerful tool to increase the power of a Quincy incrediblely. However, after taking it on, you must never take it up. You will be able to use all of your power at once, but later on you will lose all of your Quincy power.

Arrancar's abilities:
Bara is a low version of a cero which you can relaese with your fist. It is weaker than a cero, but twenty times faster.
Cero is an ray attack of a Menos class, but also the Arrancars are using them.
Garganta are the gateway for Arramcars to move from hueco mundo to other places.
Gonzui is a technique to absorb a large amount of souls.
Gran Ray Cero is an ultimate evrsion of a Cero which only Espada class can use.
Hierro is the iron hardened skin of the arrancar, which is a result of their compressed spiritual power.
Pesquisa is used to find the reiatsu's of people with spiritual power.
Ressurection is the realease of the Zanpakuto of an Arrancar. Their true power and abilities as Hollows are sealed in the sword and so they take human form.
Sonido is the Arrancar version of Shunpo..

Other Arrancars' Tools:
Caja Negacion is in the form of a small dice which is used to trap someone in another dimension by putting it into the hole of an Arrancar. Espadas have them in order to keep their Fraccions in line.